![]() (minors fourteen through seventeen years of age) and 6:00 A.M., unless the minor comes within one of the following exceptions: (minors twelve or thirteen years of age), or 11:00 P.M. (minors under twelve years of age), 10:30 P.M. ![]() ![]() The curfew ordinance prohibits any minor under the age of eighteen from being on or remaining in or upon the streets within the Borough of Middletown between the hours of 10:00 P.M. The trial on the merits was held on May 15, 1975, at which evidence was adduced with respect to the validity of the Borough's curfew. The court having previously decided that it should abstain from the issuance of preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, the case is presently before the court on plaintiffs' request for a declaratory judgment holding unconstitutional the new criminal ordinance of Middletown which imposes a curfew on minors under the age of eighteen. Subsequently, plaintiffs filed a "motion for supplemental pleadings" pursuant to Rule 15(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and a "motion for amended supplemental complaint" pursuant to Rule 15(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, both which the court granted, thereby enabling plaintiffs to challenge the new ordinance in this action. § 1983 and therefore not subject to suit under the Civil Rights Act.Īfter the court denied plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction and defendants' motion to dismiss the action, the Borough of Middletown enacted a new juvenile curfew ordinance which replaced the one then in effect. The court also noted in that decision that no relief would be granted with respect to one of the defendants the Borough of Middletown because the Borough is not a "person" within the meaning of 42 U.S.C.A. Borough of Middletown, M.D.Pa.1975, 389 F. In an earlier decision, the court denied defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint finding that this case presents a justiciable controversy under Article III of the Constitution which the plaintiffs have standing to litigate, and the court denied plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction on the basis of the abstention doctrine. Specifically, plaintiffs request the court to declare unconstitutional and enjoin the enforcement of a juvenile curfew ordinance of the Borough of Middletown. Federal jurisdiction is predicated upon 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 2201, 2202, seeking declaratory and preliminary and permanent injunctive relief against the defendants the Borough of Middletown, Harry Judy, the Mayor of Middletown, Steven Mrakovich, the Chief of Police of Middletown, and George Merkel, Middletown Borough Manager. § 1983, and the Federal Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C.A. *1246 Plaintiff, Jo-Ann Bykofsky, on her own behalf and on the behalf of her son, a twelve year old minor, Shaw Bykofsky, as his guardian, brought this action under the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C.A. Despite the widespread prevalence of juvenile curfew ordinances, there is a surprising paucity of legal authority dealing with the validity of such enactments, there being no federal cases and relatively few state cases. This is the first federal case to adjudicate the constitutionality of a nocturnal juvenile curfew ordinance. Boser, McNees, Wallace & Nurick, Harrisburg, Pa., for defendants. Schneider, Middletown, Pa., for plaintiffs. The BOROUGH OF MIDDLETOWN et al., Defendants. Jo-Ann BYKOFSKY, on her own behalf and on the behalf of her son, a minor, Shaw Bykofsky, as his guardian, Plaintiffs,
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![]() Within each group of metals, reactivity increases as you go down the group. This one valence electron is easily lost to form a positive ion with an #s^2p^6# configuration (e.g., #"Na"^+# or #"K"^+#).Ī metal from Group 2 (e.g., magnesium) is somewhat less reactive, because each atom must lose two valence electrons to form a positive ion (e.g., #"Mg"^(2+)# with an #s^2p^6# configuration. The most reactive kind of metallic element is a metal from Group 1 (e.g., sodium or potassium).Īn atom in Group 1 has only a single valence electron. This tendency is called the octet rule, because the bonded atoms have eight valence electrons. Generally, elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 17 tend to react to form a closed shell, corresponding to the electron configuration #s^2p^6#. That is why elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom. In molecular (covalent) compounds these same valence electrons are shared by atoms in order to satisfy the rule of octet. When the charges are equal and opposite the atoms will bond as #Al_2O_3#. We will need 2 aluminum atoms to get a +6 charge and 3 oxygen atoms to get a -6 charge. Oxygen #s^2p^4# has 6 valence electrons and an oxidation state of -2 or #O^(−2)# This makes the formula for calcium chloride, #CaCl_2#.Īluminum #s^2p^1# has 3 valence electrons and an oxidation state of +3 or #Al^(+3)# This means that two #Cl^(−1)# anions will balance with one #Ca^(+2)# cation. Ionic bonds form when the charges between the metal cation and non-metal anion are equal and opposite. It needs one electron to make it stable at 8 electrons in its valence shells. This makes calcium a Ca+2 cation.Ĭhlorine is a Halogen in the 17th column or #s^2p^5# group.Ĭhlorine has 7 valence electrons. This means that calcium #s^2# has 2 valence electrons it readily gives away in order to seek the stability of the octet. Lets take the ionic formula for Calcium Chloride is #CaCl_2#Ĭalcium is an Alkaline Earth Metal in the second column of the periodic table. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons 2 from the 3s and 3 from the 3p Sodium has 1 valence electron from the 3s orbital These electrons are found in the s and p orbitals of the highest energy level for the element. ![]() The valence electrons are the electrons that determine the most typical bonding patterns for an element. ![]() In 1987, Chevrolet dropped the El Camino from its lineup for good. In 1968, the more powerful SS engine made the El Camino into one of the iconic muscle cars of the late 1960s and 1970s. In 1964, the company introduced a new version, this one built on the brawnier Chevelle platform. Though the Ranchero was a steady seller, the first incarnation of the El Camino was not and Chevy discontinued it after just two years. In the United States, however, ute-type vehicles were slower to catch on. The ute was a huge hit eventually, virtually every company that sold cars Down Under made its own version. 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Suggested vehicles Specification comparison Related news The Chevrolet El Camino grew in length for 1968 and was based on the Chevelle station wagon/four door sedan. Chevy introduced a longer El Camino in 1968, based on the Chevelle station. In response, Ford engineer Lewis Brandt designed a low-slung sedan-based vehicle that was a ritzy passenger car in the front, with wind-up windows and comfortable seats and a rough-and-tumble pickup in back. A REFRESHING NEW FEELING FOR AN OLD CLASSIC: AMTs 1/25 scale 1968 Chevy El Camino SS is a great project for any experienced modeler who likes the Coca-Cola. 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Chevelle 12-bolt Rear End 1969 Chevelle SS 396 Rally Wheels. ![]() ![]() Legend has it that a farmer’s wife from rural Victoria had written a letter to Ford Australia, asking the company to build a car that could carry her to church on Sundays and her husband’s pigs to market on Mondays. Since the 1930s, Australian farmers had been driving what they called “utes”-short for “coupé utility”-all around the outback. It was, ads trilled, “the most beautiful thing that ever shouldered a load!” “It rides and handles like a convertible,” Chevy said, “yet hauls and hustles like the workingest thing on wheels.”įord’s Ranchero was the first “car-truck” sold in the United States, but it was not a new idea. Inspired by the Ford Ranchero, which had already been on the market for two years, the El Camino was a combination sedan-pickup truck built on the Impala body, with the same “cat’s eye” taillights and dramatic rear fins. On October 16, 1958, Chevrolet begins to sell a car-truck hybrid that it calls the El Camino. Snapshot_excludes=/usr/local/share/excludes/mx-snapshot-exclude.list (Default is /usr/local/share/excludes/mx-snapshot-exclude.list) Be sure to use the full path to the file. Snapshot_excludes_comment=You can change the rsync excludes file here if you know what you're doing. If the program detects the partions doesn't allow bind mountpoint it will choose worddir from /tmp, /home, snapshot_dir depending which one has more free space Only Linus filesystems that allow bind mountpoints are allowed. ![]() Make sure you have enough free space on that partition. Workdir_comment=Change location of work directory, you can make it different than snapshot_dir. It is super easy to generate JPEG or WebP instead of PNG: 'use strict' Ĭonst browser = await puppeteer.Snapshot_dir_comment=You can change the location of 'snapshot_dir' (location of final iso file) in case you don't have enough space on the system. You will receive a string that you can share with another service or even store somewhere. To take a simple screenshot with Puppeteer and save it into the file, you can use the following code: 'use strict' Ĭonst browser = await puppeteer.launch() Īwait page.screenshot() Practical Examples of using Puppeteer to take screenshots #īefore starting to work with Puppeteer, let’s install it using npm: npm i puppeteer By the way, top contributors of the Puppeteer work on Playwright. So, if you must take screenshots in different browsers, prefer to use Playwright. Playwright and Puppeteer have compatible API, but Playwright supports more browsers. The oldest alternative to make screenshots is using the.There are a lot more, but the most popular two are: But the puppeteer library downloads and runs a compatible version of Chromium instance for you, without any worries. When you use puppeteer-core, you must ensure that you use a compatible browser version. You have a running cluster of browsers or a separate browser instance on an other machine.You want to use a different Chrome, Chromium, or Firefox build.You are using CDP from the extension, so you do not have to download Chrome or Chromium.Three simple examples that come to my mind with puppeteer-core: You should use puppeteer-core when you are going to manage browser instances by yourself, or you do not need it, otherwise stick to puppeteer. Lightweight option of Puppeteer #įirst of all, there are two versions of the library available: But I love to explore the internals of the libraries I use, and so might you. It is not required to start using the library. Puppeteer architecture and internals for curious # Generating Screenshots and PDFs with Puppeteer is the main focus of the post. And guess what? Make screenshots and PDFs of pages. ![]() Google renders JavaScript for every page nowadays. But for Google SEO, it does not matter since
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Although not a member of the group (there are only four real members), he is constantly linked to someday join the group when/if they ever expand. ![]() Pharoahe is also affiliated with the rap group The HRSMN. Two of Monch's songs, "Right Here" and "Simon Says" were featured in the movie Boiler Room. Viewers will recognize the song and backbeat in the scene where Sam Rockwell is lighting a cigarette in the castle while holding Drew Barrymore hostage. Pharoahe's song "Simon Says" was featured in the 2000 cinematic release Charlie's Angels. In 2003, Pharoahe released his final single through Rawkus Records, "Agent Orange", a war-inspired song that revisited the 1991 Organized Konfusion track "Releasing Hypnotical Gases". He also had a 2001 hit with "Got You," though the single ultimately didn't sell well, and he also contributed the track "Fuck You" to the Training Day soundtrack. The first single of the album, "Simon Says", was a major hit in 1999 he was later sued for the use of a Godzilla sample for the beat. After making several guest appearances on albums like the best-selling Rawkus compilation Soundbombing 2, Monch's much-hyped debut, Internal Affairs was released in 1999. Pharoahe Monch then signed to Rawkus Records, an indie label. Prince Poetry has since denied the possibility of an Organized Konfusion reunion. As a result, the duo split up after recording their final album The Equinox in 1997. All albums received positive critical reviews, but moderate sales. ![]() The duo handled a large amount of production on these albums themselves. Read Full Bio Monch released three albums as part of the rap duo, Organized Konfusion with partner Prince Po: The self-titled Organized Konfusion, Stress: The Extinction Agenda, and The Equinox. Monch released three albums as part of the rap duo, Organized Konfusion with partner Prince Po: The self-titled Organized Konfusion, Stress: The Extinction Agenda, and The Equinox. ![]() If you have a standalone application such as Word or Excel, search for the application name.ġc) From the How would you like to repair your Office Programs screen, select Online Repair to ensure everything gets fixed, and then select Repair. 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If you still have problems, please bring your computer to our office in Subiaco and we will fix the issues for you for a small fee. Please read the following self-help guide. How to deal with common Microsoft Office issues such as activation and reinstalling. ![]() Try it yourself and enjoy an easy-to-use yet powerful user interface. ◆ Cloud Synchronization (Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive, NAS, WebDAV) ◆ Strong Encryption (256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard) ![]() You can synchronize your data with another phone, tablet, Mac or PC via your own cloud account.Īll Pro features are free for two weeks, then you can unlock the full application functionality with a single in-app purchase. SafeInCloud is available on the following platforms: Mac (OS X), iOS (iPhone and iPad), Windows, and Android.SafeInCloud Password Manager allows you to keep your logins, passwords, and other private info safe and secure in an encrypted database. You don't need to manually reenter all your passwords. 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